Jueteng free essay sample

The players numbers and bets are gathered by the kubrador (sort of collecting agent) and forwarded to what we call kabo or bangka. Two number winning combinations are determined by a raffle from two sets of 37 numbered balls. The amount of winnings will depend on the amount of the bet. The higher the bet, the higher the winning. Also, players use strategies in placing bets, where a 3-peso bet could win differently depending on the style of bet. On the other hand, kubrador gets a sort of commission from the winnings, plus incentives (not compulsory) from the winning players. So, in short, it serves as a source of livelihood for them. But why is jueteng illegal and yet PCSO Lotto and Pagcor Casinos are not?The two also are numbers games; there are players and winnings on the pot. One common reason given by those who opposed the legalization of jueteng is that the lower class of community tends to depend on luck (chance of winning) in jueteng. We will write a custom essay sample on Jueteng or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, those who opposed jueteng want to cut or even stop the bribe being given by gambling lords to police enforcers, politicians and others. Legalizing Jueteng in our country doesn’t affect the whole country. Let the people be responsible for dealing with their lives. Let no one dictate what is good or bad for ones life. Let people decide where to spend their money and learn from their bad decisions, in case they lose. Second, only police enforcers and politicians are benefitting from it. There are many issues of bribery that even went up to the Office of the President, as in the case of  former president Joseph Estrada  that eventually led to his guilty verdict on his plunder case. If there are legal numbers games, why not jueteng? Why not let the government and the people benefit from it and not those corrupt politicians and law enforcers receiving the blood money?Admittedly, jueteng is very popular with both rich and poor people and I think legalizing it will benefit the people and the government in a way. http://sharedreviews. com/article/to-legalize-jueteng-or-not-in-the-philippine s Lot of Filipinos is putting their everyday living in LUCK. Even there are only few chances in winning but then if Jueteng will be legalized lots of politicians, police and others will Jueteng is a numbers game played in the Philippines that is surrounded by controversy because despite its illegal status, it is widely played in the country. Jueteng comes from the Chinese words â€Å"hue† meaning flower and â€Å"teng† meaning bet. It is played by Filipinos of all classes, and operated through an elaborate network of agents and gambling lords. In Jueteng, 2 sets of balls numbered 1 to 37 are combined and then two numbers are drawn. Whoever has the winning combination wins, and gets a payout of 1:800. In a country where poverty is rampant, many rely on gambling for a quick buck, especially since the minimum bet on Jueteng is virtually close to nothing that everyone can afford to place a bet. In a household, a jueteng agent or collector can even encourage school age kids to place a wager.Many politicians and police are under the jueteng payola, or jueteng payoff. These are payment made to those in authority in order to turn a blind eye on jueteng. Former President Joseph Estrada was ousted because of the jueteng scandal, as exposed by Governor Chavit Singson who is a jueteng proponent himself, over a squabble on jueteng payoff. The next president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is also believed to have received millions in jueteng money. Among those also suspected on the jueteng payee list are Local Undersecretary Rico E. Puno, and Philippine National Police Director General Jesus Versoza.Massive corruption and shameless misuse of power are among the reasons why the Philippines is considered one of the most corrupt countries in the world, coupled with being still a generally poor nation. http://www. qwhatis. com/what-is-jueteng/ , which covers provinces in Central Luzon, has earned the reputation of being the illegal gambling capital of the Philippines due to the proliferation of various forms of illegal numbers games there, including jueteng. In his column Dead Shot, veteran journalist Erwin Tulfo said that while so much â€Å"muck has been hurled against PNP Region VI-A Regional director Chief

A Brave New Audience essays

A Brave New Audience essays Over time, technology has become increasingly more advanced. This is unfortunate for mankind because the more advanced, the more serious television gets, the worse it is for its viewers. It constantly feeds people information with which they take in without even knowing its perils. What they think is an excellent source of information, is actually a dangerous medium through which millions of Americans reduce their intelligence. According to Neil Postman, it is simply just a detriment of content because it focuses more on images, rather than content. In Postman's essay, "The Huxleyan Warning", he exhorts readers that Huxley's prophecies are beginning to be realized. He claims that society will enslave themselves through their love for their own tyranny; the technologies that disable their abilities to think. This technology comes through the form of a television screen. These prophecies, which were first introduced to us by Aldous Huxley, are visible in the movie The Truman Show. "Tr uman", is a normal human being, unknowingly being watched by billions of viewers ever since his birth. Viewers are stuck to their television sets watching his every move. What is unfortunate is that Huxley's beliefs are beginning to be fulfilled; the audience cannot seem to leave Truman. They are prisoners of the television: The Truman Show has created a way of life for them. However, society has not always been drowned out by technology. Culture used to rely on traditional tools, not technology. Tools do not affect the dignity and rectitude of the culture to which they are introduced. Unfortunately we are presented with the phenomenon of technology, most notably the television and computer, which has greatly affected our lives. It is referred to as a phenomenon because it controls its users minds, yet the users cannot even conceive this because they are so deeply involved. "... in the latter half of the twentieth century, [telev ...

Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalisation on today's Essay - 1

Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalisation on today's world. Use evidence to back up your arguments m offer solutions and evaluate them - Essay Example Robinson (2008, p.49) asserts, â€Å"Globalization is characterized by related, contingent, and unequal transformations†. Corporations and multinational organizations play a crucial role in shaping the economy of the world. Mittelman (2000, p.4) states, â€Å"Globalization is not a single, unified phenomenon, but a syndrome of processes and activities†. In today’s world, companies not only carry out their operations in their home countries, but also they have their branches in other countries of the world. It has resulted in sapping the foundations of national economies and also it has successfully unleashed the sub-politics on a quite navel scale. Beck (2000, p.2) asserts, â€Å"Globalization makes possible things which, though perhaps always there, remained hidden during the stage of the welfare-democratic taming of capitalism†. Some of the main advantages of globalization include reduction of poverty, awareness of latest technological advancements, stability in the world’s peace, and rise in living standards of people of poor countries. Whereas some points that go against globalization include doubts about effects of outsourcing, increased number of loafer, mixing up of cultures, and difficulty in industrial competition. Living standards of people has increased over the last 20 to 30 years. Technology has gain lot of advancements due to which people have brought in significant changes to their lives in order to make their lives easier. Without globalization it would have been impossible for a country to introduce technological advancements to other countries. If we take example of third-world countries, it is evident from the fact that 20 to 30 years ago, the living standard of people belonging to third-world countries was pretty ordinary and the number of jobs available for the people was very less. But when the multinational companies belonging to Europe and America started to operate in those countries, jobs were created that decreased the level

Fidel Castro vs Adolf Hitler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fidel Castro vs Adolf Hitler - Essay Example Adolf Hitler ruled Germany as a dictator and earned his position through politics whereas Fidel Castro is a revolutionist who overturned the American backed government in Cuba. Fidel Castro fought a revolution for the people of Cuba whereas Adolf Hitler wanted everything for himself. Hitler was a determined man who had the aim of conquering the whole Europe whereas Castro does not have any such aim of conquering the world. The people of Cuba still admire Castro because of his policies whereas many coups were organized to overthrow the government of Adolf Hitler because of his dictatorship. Along with these certain both leaders also share certain characteristics which revolve around their personality. Both Hitler and Castro are known as dictators in the history of this world because of their firm belief in communism. Both are at times designated as killers because under their regime they are held responsible for the killing of many people. Hitler had a plan of killing all the Jews and is considered to be responsible for the death of nearly 40 million people and Castro has the same desire of killing any individual who raises a voice against him. Another special characteristic which both the leaders shared was their hate for the United Nations.

Evaluate two articles on voter turn out. Articles will be uploaded Essay

Evaluate two articles on voter turn out. Articles will be uploaded - Essay Example s has been decreasing as well such that in the mid sixties 2.4 out of every 1,000 women over the age of 20 belonged to the League of Women Voters while this ratio decreased to 0.79 per 1,000 in 1988 (p. 653). Overall, this indicates that interest in the political process is decreasing with decreasing voter turnout since the sixties being a symptom of this phenomenon. The study in question attempts to gauge the effects of personal canvassing, telephone calls and direct mail on voter turnout while improving on gaps in previous research on the issue. It has been indicated that previous research on the issue is not credible because the sample sizes used were too small to provide strong generalizations. Previous research had sample sizes of between 200 and 500 respondents resulting in confidence levels of 95% with a variation of twenty percentage points (p. 654). In contrast, the current research has a sample size that is at least 100 times as large as previous research and excludes students because they are used for personal canvassing in this research (p. 655). The study is based on three types of intervention namely personal canvassing, telephone calls and direct mail that the researchers have labeled as treatments. The total size of the sample size was some 29,380 people selected at random from various neighborhoods around the city. The control groups were not provided any treatment at all while certain groups were provided one or more treatments (p. 655). Certain people demarcated for treatment who could not be reached (such as through phone calls) were shifted over into the control group because they met the criteria of the control group better than that of treatment. This shift of data tends to give this study a more realistic picture of intervention because previous studies have largely failed to accommodate such changes (p. 654). However, in assigning certain groups more than one treatment the research has moved into multivariate analysis that could not be

Effect of Pre-Existing Schemas on Memory Recall

Effect of Pre-Existing Schemas on Memory Recall Aasimah Nabeebocus Abstract: Previous research has shown that everyday memory fails in being able to recall and represent data accurately, measured using a drawing task and recognition task. Researchers have explained this in terms of a schema theory. That is individuals recall and represent information based on their pre-existing schemas. However much research conducted in this field, is outdated, therefore this current study aimed to shed light on this by using the same procedure as †¦Results indicate that while there was a significant difference in the representation of the clock between the copy and memory condition. No significant differences were found in the choice of recall by participants in the memory or copy condition. The result partially supports some previous research, and the implications of this finding suggest potential real life applications. Historically researchers have highlighted the importance of everyday memory. But contrary to this popular view emerging research have actually shown that everyday memory lacks accuracy and lead to biases in perception of everyday objects and situations. Nickerson and Adams (1982) investigated this idea whereby participants were instructed to recall and draw both sides of a U.S. penny. They found that recall was inaccurate and relatively poor, and that the features identified by the participants did not match correctly to the ones on the coin. Morris (1988) who investigated this further found that British students who were asked to identify and recall the right coin, only a small (15 %) percentage of students were able to recall the appearance of the coin. This indicates that simply looking at an object constantly does not necessarily mean that we pay attention and that the memory formed is correctly retained. Cohen (1989) proposes a theory that best explains this notion of failure in accurate memory recall. Schema theory suggests that our capacity to recall information is based on existing knowledge and prior experiences. In addition, it claims that our day-to-day memory â€Å"consists of a set of schemas, or knowledge structures through which we form our knowledge of objects, situations, events, or actions t learnt from previous experience†. A study that lends firm support to this theory was examined by Allport and Postman (1947). In their study participants were shown a photograph of a black male being menaced by a white male on the subway. When participants were questioned afterwards about the offender, participants were more likely to recall and identify the black man as the offender. It appears therefore that limiting ourselves to what we already know can biased one’s view on how they may perceived and recall a situation or person. Furthermore, a study by Williams and Richards (1993) investigated the effect of everyday memory on our ability to accurately recall roman numbers on a clock. The advantage of using such method was useful , as the number four was represented differently on a clock than to how it appears in roman numerals. Therefore, by varying the conditions in which participants engaged, they were able to detect whether participants resorted to using their schematic memory when trying to draw and recall the numbers on the clock. The three conditions included: (forewarned) where participants were instructed to look at the clock for a short period of time, as they would be asked to draw it after it had been taken away from their sight, (surprise) in this condition participants were simply asked to look at the clock, then later asked to draw it once it had been taken away, (copy) in this condition participants were instructed to draw the clock that appeared in front of them. Their results indicated that in the forewarned and surprise condition, participants were more likely to make mistakes and draw the figure four as â€Å"IV†, whereas those participants in the copy condition drew the figure four precisely to how it appeared on the clock e.g. â€Å"IIII†. Therefore it appears that the participants in the two memory conditions were more likely to recall information based on their schematic memory, this supports the theory that schemas do directly influence how we recall and represent information. However a limitation that stems from this study is that the participants in the copy condition were effortlessly drawing the clock that appeared in front of them, therefore schemas were not useful when asked to draw the clock. A study that accounts for this limitation is by Richard, French and Harris (1996). In their study the same method was applied, as participants engaged in 3 conditions, (forewarned, surprise, copy) and were asked to draw the clock but additionally they were asked to participate in a recognition task afterwards. Their results showed that the participants in the copy condition, when asked to choose between two pictures and identify which of the two clocks presented to them had the correct figure i.e. (4). Participants were more likely to recall the figure (4) being represented as â€Å"IV’ on the clock rather than â€Å"IIII†. In sum, while these findings provide evidence that schemas do have an impact on our ability to recall and recognise information. Much of the research conducted is outdated. Therefore, the findings cited above suggests that more recent research is to be conducted to find out whether the same results would be obtained at this present time. For this reason, the current study aimed to repeat the same procedure used in previous research in order to shed light on this issue. Since findings have been consistent, we proposed two experimental hypothesis based on Richard Harris (1993) and French Harris’ (1996) findings , which is stated below: H1: In the drawing task, there will be a significant difference between the two conditions i.e. memory condition and copy condition. The participants in the memory condition will be more likely to incorrectly represent the figure (4) as â€Å"IV’ compared to participants in the copy condition. H2: In the recognition task, there will be a significant difference between the two conditions i.e. memory condition and copy condition. Of the participants who accurately represented the figure four as ‘IIII’ in the drawing task, those in the copy condition will be more likely to accurately recall the figure four as ‘IIII compared to participants in the memory condition. Method: Participants: In the study 61 students were undertaking this experiment . However, two were excluded from the analysis because one participant drew the clock with ‘1,2,3,4 o’ clock etc. rather than Roman numerals, and a second did not complete the critical ‘IIII’ or ‘IV’ choice. Therefore our data only included a total number of 59 participants, this included 4 males and 55 females, aged between 18 and 30 years old. The mean for the age=19.21, SD=1.18, range=18-30. The participants were all undergraduate psychology students at Queen Mary University of London and were selected from 1st year undergraduate at Queen Mary. The participants were appropriately briefed prior to the experiment and informed consent was obtained. Lastly, the researcher ensured that all ethical guidelines were met and was approved by Queen Mary University of London Ethics Committee. Design: In this experiment, a between -subject design was used as participants only took part in one condition. The researcher also insured that all participants were randomly allocated to each condition. The independent variable were the three types of conditions: (surprise, forewarned and copy). While the dependent variable was whether participants drew or recognised the figure (4) as ‘IV’ or ‘IIII’ and how frequently participants recall or recognised the figure (4) as being ‘IV’ or ‘IIII’. Procedure: Small groups of participants took part in each condition, this was to ensure that all participants observed the clock clearly and no obstructions were present. The clock used in the original studies was a standard clock made by Samuel Bishop of London, with clear Roman Numerals on the face. The figure (4) appeared as ‘IIII’ on the clock. The time on the clock was adjusted at ten past seven. In this current experiment, a picture of the clock was employed rather than the actual clock used in French and Richard (1993) study. The experiment compromised of 3 conditions (forewarned, surprise and copy). Each group of participants were assigned to one of these conditions. These conditions were carried out chronologically. In the first condition (surprise). Participants were informed to simply look at the clock for a period of 5 minutes. Once the picture had been taken away from their sight. Participants were then asked to draw the clock from memory. In the second condition (forewarned). Participants were informed that they would be asked to draw the clock after observing the clock for a short period of time. But that they could only draw the clock, once the image had been taken out of their sight. In the third condition (copy). Participants were informed to observe the clock and draw the clock. In all the conditions participants were asked to state on their drawing sheet their age, sex, conditions ( and personal identifier, this was composed of their mother’s first two initials and their date of birth. In all the conditions (forewarned, surprise, copy) a recognition task was also carried out after the drawing task. This was the same method employed by Richard Harris (1996) in their study. In the recognition task, participants were presented with two pictures of the clock at the same time and asked to choose the correct picture that matched the clock that they had previously observed. In each of the group, half of the participants obtained both pictures in which the correct picture was placed on the left, and the rest of the participants obtained both pictures in which the correct picture was placed on the right. After participants had made their choice they were asked to write down which conditions they took part in (i.e. 1st, 2nd or 3rd) age, sex and personal identifier this was to ensure that their data from the drawing task could be matched accordingly. [MW1] Results: Count 24 7 IV Expected count 18.4 12.6 Count 11 17 IIII Expected count 16.6 11.4 MC CC Count 4 11 IV Expected count 5.7 9.3 Count 7 7 IIII Expected count 5.3 8.7 All the participants drawing were assessed to see whether they presented the figure four as ‘IV’ or ‘IIII’. The frequency of this is shown for each condition is shown below. There was no difference in the results between the forewarned and surprised condition, as a result these two data were collapsed into one condition called ‘memory condition’, this was carried out in order to increase the statistical power of the test. Given the test is categorical, we used a non-parametric test to examine whether the differences were significant. A chi-square test was conducted on the data. The test revealed that there was a significant difference between how participants represented the number 4 in each condition, chi-square (1)=8.87,p=. 003. In the recognition data, analysis was only taken for those participants who accurately dew four as ‘IIII’ in the first part of the study (drawing task) .A chi-square was conducted on the data to see if there was a significant difference in participant’s ability to identify the correct clock from two possible options, whether they had previously copied or drawn it from memory. The test revealed that there was no significant difference between the choices in recall made by participatns in the mempry and copy condition, chi-square (1)=1.68, p >.05 [MW3] Discussion: This study aimed to add to previous old research by looking at whether the same result would be found at this current time. The results showed that in the drawing task there was a significant difference in the frequencies i.e. whether they accurately or wrongly represented the figure (4) as either ‘IV’ or ‘IIII’ between the two conditions. However there was no significant difference between the numbers of correct recalls made by participants in the recognition task. Therefore, our first experimental hypothesis is supported while our second hypothesis is rejected. This shows that in the drawing task, those participants in the memory conditions who incorrectly represented the figure (4) as ‘IV’ were more likely to use their schematic memory rather than actually processing the information. However those participants in the copy condition who accurately drew the figure (4) in the drawing task butwrongly recalled the figure (4) as ‘IV’ i n the drawing task. This shows that observing the clock while drawing did not facilitate the participant in processing or encoding that information, thus affecting their ability to accurately recall it later on.[MW4] These findings are in accordance with Williams et al (1993) study that found that in the drawing task, participants in the copy condition were accurate in their representation of the four compared to participants in the memory condition (forewarned and surprised). Additionally, our results is partially supported by Richard, French et al (1996) who found that those in the copy condition were more likely to recall the figure (4) inaccurately though they had represented the number 4 accurately in the drawing task. A plausible explanation, may be that participants were effortlessly drawing what appeared in front of them, therefore more likely to get it right in the drawing task but when asked to recall the information as they did not pay attention they resorted to using their schemas in order to recall what the figure (4) appeared as on the clock. However, unlike our results this study did find a significant difference between the memory condition and copy condition when asked to recall. As those in the memory condition who represented the figure (4) accurately in the drawing task, none of these participants inaccurately recalled the four in the recognition task. The fact that that these results are only partially consistent with previous research points to a possible limitation within the study. Due to our study consisting a small sample size, this suggests a possibility in creating a Type II [MW5]error. A type two error is â€Å"falsely rejecting the null hypothesis and stating that the results are due to chance†. Therefore having a larger sample may have yielded more statistically powerful results, this is supported by Richard et al (1996) who found a statistically significant difference. Additionally, using a different statistical test may have been better given the small sample size, a good alternative would have been a Fisher exact test [MW6]this is again supported by Richard et al (1996) who found statistically significant difference when running a fisher test. Further, one possible explanation for the outcome of this result is the impact of interference on students schematic memory[MW7]. A study by Nickerson and Adams (1979) suggested that participants who drew the penny incorrectly may have have difficulty in differentiating between features of an old and current penny. This results indicates that roman numerals learned at school may have interfered with participatns ability to form new memories of the clock face, this is increasingly more prominent in younger students as they have had less exposure to roman numeral clock faces. Therefore participants may have recognised the number 4 as ‘IV’ rather than ‘IIII’. Finally, the impact of these findings are not only interesting, but could hold significance in real life situations . In a case study in which a young lady Jennfier Thompson (1984) was raped, it was found that when asked to identity her rapist she falsely accused an innocent man . This finding suggest that memories are not infallible and can be influenced easily by schemas or other factors. Nickerson, R. S., Adams, M. J. (1979). Long-term memory for a common object.Cognitive Psychology,11(3), 287-307. [MW1]Perfect method, well done à ¯Ã‚ Ã…   [MW2]You need to portion out the forewarned and surprise memory conditions in the initial frequency table. You can then explain why the conditions were collapsed together afterwards (this is what Richards and co did) [MW3]This isn’t reported correctly. You need to put it inside brackets, and you need to use the Greek symbol for Chi which is χ [MW4]If you’re looking to cut words, I think these two paragraphs can be shortened. [MW5]This is written as Type II Good old roman numerals 😉 [MW6]Needs capitals – Fisher’s Exact Test [MW7]As I said before, this is not a limitation. This is a possible explanation for the results.

Philosophy and Religion - Are they Compatible? Essay -- Ethics Christi

Philosophy and Religion - Are they Compatible? The death of God. Just the sound of the phrase makes it seem like a scary event, one that would change the life of everyone involved. The idea of the "death" of something implies that it did, at one time, have life or vitality. Friedrich Nietzsche uses this phrase to make a point, to define an event, which signifies the last man's life as pathetic. Perhaps we realize that God is not dead; perhaps our belief in God is so sure, that even contemplating Nietzsche's ideas appalls us. The truth is, his ideas make us think. They make us contemplate our beliefs and our mentality. I suggest that Nietzsche has a point; we must discover the role of religion in our lives. Does it draw us to act as one of the herd? Does religion weaken us, as he suggests? Or is our salvation and strength through God? Rather than having to look the possibility of an overman for strength, religion and God offer strength rather than weakness. Nietzsche offers to us an opportunity to rethink our set opinions and question the strength of our belief. I suggest that his concept of the overman and our concept of a follower can be reconciled. I will attempt to reconcile his self-power with our belief in the power of God through looking at other philosophers as well as Nietzsche. Why should we care what Nietzsche thinks about Christianity, about life, or even about God? "We cannot afford to ignore the bracing, stimulating side of Nietzsche's view of life, his exposure of softness, of flimsy and sugary sentimentalism, of our slipshod temper, of the mental atmosphere of the slacker" (Foster 191-2). And why can't we afford to ignore his ideas? Because he presents a new idea of the human: the herd tendencies, the ... ...e and choose faith over sin. With the ideas of thinkers from Nietzsche to Kierkegaard intact, I feel the time has come to present my own ideas. In contrast to Nietzsche, I offer the thought that power can be found through humility. Perhaps it would be best for us to bring the questioning and self-power found in Nietzsche together with the faith and love of God found in Kierkegaard and Lewis. Works Cited Lewis, C.S. "Faith Proves the Existence of God to the Believer" Marx, Karl. The Marx-Engels Reader. Ed. Robert C. Tucker. New York: Norton, 1978. Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism. Los Angeles: Roxbury, 1998. Foster, George Burman. Friedrich Nietzsche. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1931. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Gay Science. New York: Vintage Books, 1974. Jung, C.G. "Seminar on Nietzsche's Zarathustra".